| 1 |
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of |
| 2 |
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. |
| 3 |
|
| 4 |
# This file also includes Pacific islands. |
| 5 |
|
| 6 |
# Notes are at the end of this file |
| 7 |
|
| 8 |
############################################################################### |
| 9 |
|
| 10 |
# Australia |
| 11 |
|
| 12 |
# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. |
| 13 |
|
| 14 |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 15 |
Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D |
| 16 |
Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S |
| 17 |
Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D |
| 18 |
Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S |
| 19 |
Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D |
| 20 |
Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S |
| 21 |
Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D |
| 22 |
# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which |
| 23 |
# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that |
| 24 |
# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. |
| 25 |
|
| 26 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 27 |
# Northern Territory |
| 28 |
Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb |
| 29 |
9:00 - ACST 1899 May |
| 30 |
9:30 Aus AC%sT |
| 31 |
# Western Australia |
| 32 |
# |
| 33 |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 34 |
Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| 35 |
Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| 36 |
Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| 37 |
Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| 38 |
Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D |
| 39 |
Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| 40 |
Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D |
| 41 |
Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
| 42 |
Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| 43 |
Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec |
| 44 |
8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul |
| 45 |
8:00 AW AW%sT |
| 46 |
Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec |
| 47 |
8:45 Aus +0845/+0945 1943 Jul |
| 48 |
8:45 AW +0845/+0945 |
| 49 |
|
| 50 |
# Queensland |
| 51 |
# |
| 52 |
# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): |
| 53 |
# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast |
| 54 |
# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after |
| 55 |
# Queensland ceased to. |
| 56 |
# |
| 57 |
# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): |
| 58 |
# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, |
| 59 |
# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. |
| 60 |
# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, |
| 61 |
# so use Lindeman. |
| 62 |
# |
| 63 |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 64 |
Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| 65 |
Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
| 66 |
Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| 67 |
Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| 68 |
Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| 69 |
Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| 70 |
Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 |
| 71 |
10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 |
| 72 |
10:00 AQ AE%sT |
| 73 |
Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 |
| 74 |
10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 |
| 75 |
10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul |
| 76 |
10:00 Holiday AE%sT |
| 77 |
|
| 78 |
# South Australia |
| 79 |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 80 |
Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| 81 |
Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D |
| 82 |
Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| 83 |
Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S |
| 84 |
Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| 85 |
Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S |
| 86 |
Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S |
| 87 |
Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S |
| 88 |
Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S |
| 89 |
Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S |
| 90 |
Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
| 91 |
Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S |
| 92 |
Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
| 93 |
Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| 94 |
Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
| 95 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 96 |
Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb |
| 97 |
9:00 - ACST 1899 May |
| 98 |
9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 |
| 99 |
9:30 AS AC%sT |
| 100 |
|
| 101 |
# Tasmania |
| 102 |
# |
| 103 |
# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): |
| 104 |
# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml |
| 105 |
# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. |
| 106 |
# |
| 107 |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 108 |
Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
| 109 |
Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
| 110 |
Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| 111 |
Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S |
| 112 |
Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
| 113 |
Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| 114 |
Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
| 115 |
Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| 116 |
Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D |
| 117 |
Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S |
| 118 |
Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D |
| 119 |
Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| 120 |
Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
| 121 |
Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
| 122 |
Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| 123 |
Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
| 124 |
Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| 125 |
Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
| 126 |
Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| 127 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 128 |
Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep |
| 129 |
10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 |
| 130 |
10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb |
| 131 |
10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 |
| 132 |
10:00 AT AE%sT |
| 133 |
Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep |
| 134 |
10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 |
| 135 |
10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb |
| 136 |
10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul |
| 137 |
10:00 AT AE%sT |
| 138 |
|
| 139 |
# Victoria |
| 140 |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 141 |
Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| 142 |
Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
| 143 |
Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| 144 |
Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S |
| 145 |
Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D |
| 146 |
Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| 147 |
Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| 148 |
Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
| 149 |
Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| 150 |
Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| 151 |
Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| 152 |
Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
| 153 |
Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| 154 |
Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
| 155 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 156 |
Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb |
| 157 |
10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 |
| 158 |
10:00 AV AE%sT |
| 159 |
|
| 160 |
# New South Wales |
| 161 |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 162 |
Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| 163 |
Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S |
| 164 |
Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| 165 |
Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| 166 |
Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| 167 |
Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S |
| 168 |
Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D |
| 169 |
Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| 170 |
Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| 171 |
Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
| 172 |
Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| 173 |
Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| 174 |
Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| 175 |
Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
| 176 |
Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| 177 |
Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
| 178 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 179 |
Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb |
| 180 |
10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 |
| 181 |
10:00 AN AE%sT |
| 182 |
Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb |
| 183 |
10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 |
| 184 |
9:00 - ACST 1899 May |
| 185 |
9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 |
| 186 |
9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 |
| 187 |
9:30 AS AC%sT |
| 188 |
|
| 189 |
# Lord Howe Island |
| 190 |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 191 |
Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - |
| 192 |
Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - |
| 193 |
Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - |
| 194 |
Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - |
| 195 |
Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - |
| 196 |
Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - |
| 197 |
Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - |
| 198 |
Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - |
| 199 |
Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - |
| 200 |
Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - |
| 201 |
Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - |
| 202 |
Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - |
| 203 |
Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - |
| 204 |
Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - |
| 205 |
Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb |
| 206 |
10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar |
| 207 |
10:30 LH +1030/+1130 1985 Jul |
| 208 |
10:30 LH +1030/+11 |
| 209 |
|
| 210 |
# Australian miscellany |
| 211 |
# |
| 212 |
# Ashmore Is, Cartier |
| 213 |
# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers |
| 214 |
# no times are set |
| 215 |
# |
| 216 |
# Coral Sea Is |
| 217 |
# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists |
| 218 |
# no times are set |
| 219 |
# |
| 220 |
# Macquarie |
| 221 |
# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; |
| 222 |
# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the |
| 223 |
# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island |
| 224 |
# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 |
| 225 |
# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 |
| 226 |
# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. |
| 227 |
# |
| 228 |
# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): |
| 229 |
# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: |
| 230 |
# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not |
| 231 |
# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do |
| 232 |
# on 4 April. |
| 233 |
# |
| 234 |
# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): |
| 235 |
# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics |
| 236 |
# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; |
| 237 |
# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by |
| 238 |
# pre-2013 versions of localtime. |
| 239 |
Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1899 Nov |
| 240 |
10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 |
| 241 |
10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb |
| 242 |
10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s |
| 243 |
0 - zzz 1948 Mar 25 |
| 244 |
10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 |
| 245 |
10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00 |
| 246 |
11:00 - +11 |
| 247 |
|
| 248 |
# Christmas |
| 249 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 250 |
Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb |
| 251 |
7:00 - +07 |
| 252 |
|
| 253 |
# Cocos (Keeling) Is |
| 254 |
# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. |
| 255 |
# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. |
| 256 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 257 |
Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 |
| 258 |
6:30 - +0630 |
| 259 |
|
| 260 |
|
| 261 |
# Fiji |
| 262 |
|
| 263 |
# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. |
| 264 |
|
| 265 |
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): |
| 266 |
# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST |
| 267 |
# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. |
| 268 |
# |
| 269 |
# "Daylight savings to commence this month" |
| 270 |
# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 |
| 271 |
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html |
| 272 |
|
| 273 |
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): |
| 274 |
# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved |
| 275 |
# amendments: |
| 276 |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml |
| 277 |
|
| 278 |
# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): |
| 279 |
# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on |
| 280 |
# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. |
| 281 |
# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March |
| 282 |
# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). |
| 283 |
# |
| 284 |
# Official source: |
| 285 |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 |
| 286 |
# |
| 287 |
# A bit more background info here: |
| 288 |
# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html |
| 289 |
|
| 290 |
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): |
| 291 |
# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 |
| 292 |
# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... |
| 293 |
# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, |
| 294 |
# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: |
| 295 |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 |
| 296 |
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html |
| 297 |
|
| 298 |
# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): |
| 299 |
# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date |
| 300 |
# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). |
| 301 |
# |
| 302 |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 |
| 303 |
# which says |
| 304 |
# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in |
| 305 |
# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to |
| 306 |
# 2am on February 26 next year. |
| 307 |
|
| 308 |
# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) |
| 309 |
# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for |
| 310 |
# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. |
| 311 |
# |
| 312 |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 |
| 313 |
# states: |
| 314 |
# |
| 315 |
# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 |
| 316 |
# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. |
| 317 |
# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start |
| 318 |
# on the 23rd of October, 2011. |
| 319 |
|
| 320 |
# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: |
| 321 |
# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate |
| 322 |
# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st |
| 323 |
# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. |
| 324 |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 |
| 325 |
|
| 326 |
# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: |
| 327 |
# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... |
| 328 |
# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am |
| 329 |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx |
| 330 |
|
| 331 |
# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): |
| 332 |
# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: |
| 333 |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx |
| 334 |
|
| 335 |
# From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): |
| 336 |
# DST will start Nov. 2 this year. |
| 337 |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx |
| 338 |
|
| 339 |
# From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77 |
| 340 |
# in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28), |
| 341 |
# via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02): |
| 342 |
# the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time |
| 343 |
# commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at |
| 344 |
# 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016. |
| 345 |
|
| 346 |
# From Raymond Kumar (2016-10-04): |
| 347 |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-6th-NOVEMBER,-2016.aspx |
| 348 |
# "Fiji's daylight savings will begin on Sunday, 6 November 2016, when |
| 349 |
# clocks go forward an hour at 2am to 3am.... Daylight Saving will |
| 350 |
# end at 3.00am on Sunday 15th January 2017." |
| 351 |
|
| 352 |
# From Paul Eggert (2017-08-21): |
| 353 |
# Dominic Fok writes (2017-08-20) that DST ends 2018-01-14, citing |
| 354 |
# Extraordinary Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 21 (2017-08-27), |
| 355 |
# [Legal Notice No. 41] of an order of the previous day by J Usamate. |
| 356 |
# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to 03:00 |
| 357 |
# the first Sunday on or after January 14. Although ad hoc, it matches |
| 358 |
# transitions since late 2014 and seems more likely to match future |
| 359 |
# practice than guessing no DST. |
| 360 |
|
| 361 |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 362 |
Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - |
| 363 |
Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - |
| 364 |
Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 - |
| 365 |
Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - |
| 366 |
Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 - |
| 367 |
Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - |
| 368 |
Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - |
| 369 |
Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - |
| 370 |
Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - |
| 371 |
Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=14 3:00 0 - |
| 372 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 373 |
Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva |
| 374 |
12:00 Fiji +12/+13 |
| 375 |
|
| 376 |
# French Polynesia |
| 377 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 378 |
Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea |
| 379 |
-9:00 - -09 |
| 380 |
Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct |
| 381 |
-9:30 - -0930 |
| 382 |
Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete |
| 383 |
-10:00 - -10 |
| 384 |
# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; |
| 385 |
# it is uninhabited. |
| 386 |
|
| 387 |
# Guam |
| 388 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 389 |
Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 |
| 390 |
9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana |
| 391 |
10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam |
| 392 |
10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time |
| 393 |
Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is |
| 394 |
|
| 395 |
# Kiribati |
| 396 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 397 |
Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki |
| 398 |
12:00 - +12 |
| 399 |
Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 |
| 400 |
-12:00 - -12 1979 Oct |
| 401 |
-11:00 - -11 1994 Dec 31 |
| 402 |
13:00 - +13 |
| 403 |
Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 |
| 404 |
-10:40 - -1040 1979 Oct |
| 405 |
-10:00 - -10 1994 Dec 31 |
| 406 |
14:00 - +14 |
| 407 |
|
| 408 |
# N Mariana Is |
| 409 |
# See Pacific/Guam. |
| 410 |
|
| 411 |
# Marshall Is |
| 412 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 413 |
Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 |
| 414 |
11:00 - +11 1969 Oct |
| 415 |
12:00 - +12 |
| 416 |
Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 |
| 417 |
11:00 - +11 1969 Oct |
| 418 |
-12:00 - -12 1993 Aug 20 |
| 419 |
12:00 - +12 |
| 420 |
|
| 421 |
# Micronesia |
| 422 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 423 |
Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 |
| 424 |
10:00 - +10 |
| 425 |
Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia |
| 426 |
11:00 - +11 |
| 427 |
Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 |
| 428 |
11:00 - +11 1969 Oct |
| 429 |
12:00 - +12 1999 |
| 430 |
11:00 - +11 |
| 431 |
|
| 432 |
# Nauru |
| 433 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 434 |
Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe |
| 435 |
11:30 - +1130 1942 Mar 15 |
| 436 |
9:00 - +09 1944 Aug 15 |
| 437 |
11:30 - +1130 1979 May |
| 438 |
12:00 - +12 |
| 439 |
|
| 440 |
# New Caledonia |
| 441 |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 442 |
Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 - |
| 443 |
Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - |
| 444 |
Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 - |
| 445 |
# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. |
| 446 |
Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - |
| 447 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 448 |
Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa |
| 449 |
11:00 NC +11/+12 |
| 450 |
|
| 451 |
|
| 452 |
############################################################################### |
| 453 |
|
| 454 |
# New Zealand |
| 455 |
|
| 456 |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 457 |
Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S |
| 458 |
Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M |
| 459 |
Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S |
| 460 |
Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M |
| 461 |
Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M |
| 462 |
Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S |
| 463 |
Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S |
| 464 |
# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but until 2018a |
| 465 |
# there was no documented single notation for the date and time of this |
| 466 |
# transition. Duplicate the Rule lines for now, to give the 2018a change |
| 467 |
# time to percolate out. |
| 468 |
Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
| 469 |
Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - |
| 470 |
Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
| 471 |
Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 - |
| 472 |
Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| 473 |
Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - |
| 474 |
Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| 475 |
Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - |
| 476 |
Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D |
| 477 |
Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 - |
| 478 |
Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
| 479 |
Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - |
| 480 |
Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S |
| 481 |
Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 - |
| 482 |
Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
| 483 |
Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - |
| 484 |
Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
| 485 |
Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - |
| 486 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 487 |
Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 |
| 488 |
11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 |
| 489 |
12:00 NZ NZ%sT |
| 490 |
Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 |
| 491 |
12:15 - +1215 1946 Jan 1 |
| 492 |
12:45 Chatham +1245/+1345 |
| 493 |
|
| 494 |
Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo |
| 495 |
|
| 496 |
# Auckland Is |
| 497 |
# uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, |
| 498 |
# and scientific personnel have wintered |
| 499 |
|
| 500 |
# Campbell I |
| 501 |
# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 |
| 502 |
# scientific station operated 1941/1995; |
| 503 |
# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered |
| 504 |
# was probably like Pacific/Auckland |
| 505 |
|
| 506 |
# Cook Is |
| 507 |
# From Shanks & Pottenger: |
| 508 |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 509 |
Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 - |
| 510 |
Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - |
| 511 |
Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 - |
| 512 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 513 |
Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua |
| 514 |
-10:30 - -1030 1978 Nov 12 |
| 515 |
-10:00 Cook -10/-0930 |
| 516 |
|
| 517 |
############################################################################### |
| 518 |
|
| 519 |
|
| 520 |
# Niue |
| 521 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 522 |
Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi |
| 523 |
-11:20 - -1120 1951 |
| 524 |
-11:30 - -1130 1978 Oct 1 |
| 525 |
-11:00 - -11 |
| 526 |
|
| 527 |
# Norfolk |
| 528 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 529 |
Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston |
| 530 |
11:12 - +1112 1951 |
| 531 |
11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00 |
| 532 |
11:30 1:00 +1230 1975 Mar 2 02:00 |
| 533 |
11:30 - +1130 2015 Oct 4 02:00 |
| 534 |
11:00 - +11 |
| 535 |
|
| 536 |
# Palau (Belau) |
| 537 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 538 |
Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror |
| 539 |
9:00 - +09 |
| 540 |
|
| 541 |
# Papua New Guinea |
| 542 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 543 |
Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 |
| 544 |
9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time |
| 545 |
10:00 - +10 |
| 546 |
# |
| 547 |
# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): |
| 548 |
# Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have |
| 549 |
# the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. |
| 550 |
# |
| 551 |
# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates |
| 552 |
# are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. |
| 553 |
# The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. |
| 554 |
# The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, |
| 555 |
# according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia |
| 556 |
# https://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm |
| 557 |
# and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. |
| 558 |
# |
| 559 |
# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11 |
| 560 |
# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time". |
| 561 |
# See: |
| 562 |
# http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ |
| 563 |
# |
| 564 |
Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 |
| 565 |
9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 |
| 566 |
10:00 - +10 1942 Jul |
| 567 |
9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 21 |
| 568 |
10:00 - +10 2014 Dec 28 2:00 |
| 569 |
11:00 - +11 |
| 570 |
|
| 571 |
# Pitcairn |
| 572 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 573 |
Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown |
| 574 |
-8:30 - -0830 1998 Apr 27 0:00 |
| 575 |
-8:00 - -08 |
| 576 |
|
| 577 |
# American Samoa |
| 578 |
Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 |
| 579 |
-11:22:48 - LMT 1911 |
| 580 |
-11:00 - SST # S=Samoa |
| 581 |
Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands |
| 582 |
|
| 583 |
# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) |
| 584 |
|
| 585 |
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): |
| 586 |
# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received |
| 587 |
# the following info: |
| 588 |
# |
| 589 |
# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year |
| 590 |
# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first |
| 591 |
# Sunday of April 2011." |
| 592 |
# |
| 593 |
# Background info: |
| 594 |
# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html |
| 595 |
# |
| 596 |
# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not |
| 597 |
# contain any dates: |
| 598 |
# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf |
| 599 |
|
| 600 |
# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): |
| 601 |
# Please see |
| 602 |
# http://www.mcil.gov.ws |
| 603 |
# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday |
| 604 |
# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight |
| 605 |
# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks |
| 606 |
# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" |
| 607 |
|
| 608 |
# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): |
| 609 |
# [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] |
| 610 |
# |
| 611 |
# ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am |
| 612 |
# or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to |
| 613 |
# measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock |
| 614 |
# (3:00am or 0300Hrs). |
| 615 |
|
| 616 |
# From David Zülke (2011-05-09): |
| 617 |
# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line |
| 618 |
# |
| 619 |
# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 |
| 620 |
|
| 621 |
# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): |
| 622 |
# The International Date Line Act 2011 |
| 623 |
# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf |
| 624 |
# changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on |
| 625 |
# Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted |
| 626 |
# accordingly. |
| 627 |
|
| 628 |
# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): |
| 629 |
# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html |
| 630 |
# |
| 631 |
# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change |
| 632 |
# |
| 633 |
# DST |
| 634 |
# Year End Time Start Time |
| 635 |
# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am |
| 636 |
# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - |
| 637 |
# |
| 638 |
# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 |
| 639 |
# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours |
| 640 |
# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours |
| 641 |
# |
| 642 |
# From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): |
| 643 |
# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and |
| 644 |
# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... |
| 645 |
# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html |
| 646 |
# |
| 647 |
# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): |
| 648 |
# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. |
| 649 |
# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. |
| 650 |
|
| 651 |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 652 |
Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 - |
| 653 |
Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 - |
| 654 |
Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 - |
| 655 |
Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 - |
| 656 |
Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 - |
| 657 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 658 |
Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 |
| 659 |
-11:26:56 - LMT 1911 |
| 660 |
-11:30 - -1130 1950 |
| 661 |
-11:00 WS -11/-10 2011 Dec 29 24:00 |
| 662 |
13:00 WS +13/+14 |
| 663 |
|
| 664 |
# Solomon Is |
| 665 |
# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea |
| 666 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 667 |
Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara |
| 668 |
11:00 - +11 |
| 669 |
|
| 670 |
# Tokelau |
| 671 |
# |
| 672 |
# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) |
| 673 |
# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping |
| 674 |
# December 31 this year ... |
| 675 |
# |
| 676 |
# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) |
| 677 |
# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking |
| 678 |
# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... |
| 679 |
# Shanks says UT-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change |
| 680 |
# actually was to UT-11 back then. |
| 681 |
# |
| 682 |
# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) |
| 683 |
# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of |
| 684 |
# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, |
| 685 |
# <https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau |
| 686 |
# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger |
| 687 |
# are off by an hour starting in 1901. |
| 688 |
|
| 689 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 690 |
Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 |
| 691 |
-11:00 - -11 2011 Dec 30 |
| 692 |
13:00 - +13 |
| 693 |
|
| 694 |
# Tonga |
| 695 |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 696 |
Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 - |
| 697 |
Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - |
| 698 |
Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - |
| 699 |
Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - |
| 700 |
Rule Tonga 2016 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - |
| 701 |
Rule Tonga 2017 only - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 - |
| 702 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 703 |
Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 |
| 704 |
12:20 - +1220 1941 |
| 705 |
13:00 - +13 1999 |
| 706 |
13:00 Tonga +13/+14 |
| 707 |
|
| 708 |
# Tuvalu |
| 709 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 710 |
Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 |
| 711 |
12:00 - +12 |
| 712 |
|
| 713 |
|
| 714 |
# US minor outlying islands |
| 715 |
|
| 716 |
# Howland, Baker |
| 717 |
# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British |
| 718 |
# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. |
| 719 |
# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; |
| 720 |
# uninhabited thereafter. |
| 721 |
# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937; |
| 722 |
# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, |
| 723 |
# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). |
| 724 |
# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 |
| 725 |
# until they were abandoned after the war. |
| 726 |
|
| 727 |
# Jarvis |
| 728 |
# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. |
| 729 |
# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; |
| 730 |
# uninhabited thereafter. |
| 731 |
# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati |
| 732 |
|
| 733 |
# Johnston |
| 734 |
# |
| 735 |
# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): |
| 736 |
# Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. |
| 737 |
# Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so |
| 738 |
# treat it like Hawaii for now. Since Johnston is now uninhabited, |
| 739 |
# its link to Pacific/Honolulu is in the 'backward' file. |
| 740 |
# |
| 741 |
# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 |
| 742 |
# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, |
| 743 |
# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM |
| 744 |
# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and |
| 745 |
# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. |
| 746 |
# |
| 747 |
# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): |
| 748 |
# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used |
| 749 |
# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, |
| 750 |
# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the |
| 751 |
# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last |
| 752 |
# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, |
| 753 |
# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the |
| 754 |
# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. |
| 755 |
# https://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf |
| 756 |
# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a |
| 757 |
# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time |
| 758 |
# Minus One Hour". |
| 759 |
|
| 760 |
# Kingman |
| 761 |
# uninhabited |
| 762 |
|
| 763 |
# Midway |
| 764 |
# See Pacific/Pago_Pago. |
| 765 |
|
| 766 |
# Palmyra |
| 767 |
# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati |
| 768 |
|
| 769 |
# Wake |
| 770 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 771 |
Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 |
| 772 |
12:00 - +12 |
| 773 |
|
| 774 |
|
| 775 |
# Vanuatu |
| 776 |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 777 |
Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 - |
| 778 |
Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - |
| 779 |
Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 - |
| 780 |
Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 - |
| 781 |
Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - |
| 782 |
Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 - |
| 783 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 784 |
Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila |
| 785 |
11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12 |
| 786 |
|
| 787 |
# Wallis and Futuna |
| 788 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 789 |
Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 |
| 790 |
12:00 - +12 |
| 791 |
|
| 792 |
############################################################################### |
| 793 |
|
| 794 |
# NOTES |
| 795 |
|
| 796 |
# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, |
| 797 |
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to |
| 798 |
# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see |
| 799 |
# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. |
| 800 |
|
| 801 |
# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): |
| 802 |
# |
| 803 |
# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: |
| 804 |
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), |
| 805 |
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). |
| 806 |
# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. |
| 807 |
# |
| 808 |
# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source |
| 809 |
# for time zone data was the International Air Transport |
| 810 |
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), |
| 811 |
# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries |
| 812 |
# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, |
| 813 |
# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. |
| 814 |
# |
| 815 |
# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, |
| 816 |
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which |
| 817 |
# I found in the UCLA library. |
| 818 |
# |
| 819 |
# For data circa 1899, a common source is: |
| 820 |
# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. |
| 821 |
# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 |
| 822 |
# |
| 823 |
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is |
| 824 |
# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). |
| 825 |
# |
| 826 |
# The following abbreviations are from other sources. |
| 827 |
# Corrections are welcome! |
| 828 |
# std dst |
| 829 |
# LMT Local Mean Time |
| 830 |
# 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia |
| 831 |
# 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia |
| 832 |
# 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia |
| 833 |
# 10:00 GST Guam through 2000 |
| 834 |
# 10:00 ChST Chamorro |
| 835 |
# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 |
| 836 |
# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present |
| 837 |
# -11:00 SST Samoa |
| 838 |
# -10:00 HST Hawaii |
| 839 |
# |
| 840 |
# See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. |
| 841 |
# See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is. |
| 842 |
|
| 843 |
############################################################################### |
| 844 |
|
| 845 |
# Australia |
| 846 |
|
| 847 |
# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): |
| 848 |
# Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting |
| 849 |
# region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. |
| 850 |
# For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving |
| 851 |
# Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native |
| 852 |
# Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was |
| 853 |
# very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a |
| 854 |
# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded |
| 855 |
# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables |
| 856 |
# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." |
| 857 |
# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) |
| 858 |
# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm |
| 859 |
|
| 860 |
# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): |
| 861 |
# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia |
| 862 |
# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml |
| 863 |
# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. |
| 864 |
|
| 865 |
# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): |
| 866 |
# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales |
| 867 |
# http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving |
| 868 |
# covers New South Wales in particular. |
| 869 |
|
| 870 |
# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): |
| 871 |
# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. |
| 872 |
# It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' |
| 873 |
# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the |
| 874 |
# abbreviation does _not_ change... |
| 875 |
# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least |
| 876 |
# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the |
| 877 |
# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses |
| 878 |
# the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight |
| 879 |
# time'. |
| 880 |
# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian |
| 881 |
# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' |
| 882 |
# or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the |
| 883 |
# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers |
| 884 |
# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases |
| 885 |
# prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; |
| 886 |
# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. |
| 887 |
|
| 888 |
# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): |
| 889 |
# |
| 890 |
# Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this |
| 891 |
# file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer |
| 892 |
# Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". |
| 893 |
# However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common |
| 894 |
# practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints |
| 895 |
# about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. |
| 896 |
# For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; |
| 897 |
# what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web |
| 898 |
# directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for |
| 899 |
# strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an |
| 900 |
# abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the |
| 901 |
# following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: |
| 902 |
# |
| 903 |
# 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] |
| 904 |
# 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au |
| 905 |
# 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au |
| 906 |
# 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au |
| 907 |
# 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au |
| 908 |
# 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au |
| 909 |
# 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] |
| 910 |
# 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] |
| 911 |
# 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au |
| 912 |
# 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au |
| 913 |
# |
| 914 |
# 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] |
| 915 |
# 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au |
| 916 |
# |
| 917 |
# I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but |
| 918 |
# they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages |
| 919 |
# mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since |
| 920 |
# there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: |
| 921 |
# |
| 922 |
# 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au |
| 923 |
# 226 "western standard time" WST site:au |
| 924 |
# |
| 925 |
# I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as |
| 926 |
# listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" |
| 927 |
# and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. |
| 928 |
# All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers |
| 929 |
# surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, |
| 930 |
# The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, |
| 931 |
# The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). |
| 932 |
# |
| 933 |
# I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations |
| 934 |
# like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> |
| 935 |
# found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style |
| 936 |
# dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't |
| 937 |
# fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations |
| 938 |
# like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather |
| 939 |
# column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column |
| 940 |
# (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not |
| 941 |
# strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." |
| 942 |
# (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and |
| 943 |
# WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel |
| 944 |
# about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two |
| 945 |
# territories has prompted one group to form its very own political |
| 946 |
# party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." |
| 947 |
# |
| 948 |
# I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: |
| 949 |
# |
| 950 |
# The Australian Government (2014-03-26) |
| 951 |
# http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time |
| 952 |
# (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) |
| 953 |
# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT |
| 954 |
# |
| 955 |
# Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) |
| 956 |
# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml |
| 957 |
# EST CST WST EDT CDT |
| 958 |
# |
| 959 |
# Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) |
| 960 |
# http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml |
| 961 |
# EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) |
| 962 |
# |
| 963 |
# Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) |
| 964 |
# http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp |
| 965 |
# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT |
| 966 |
# |
| 967 |
# Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) |
| 968 |
# https://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf |
| 969 |
# EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used |
| 970 |
# |
| 971 |
# The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, |
| 972 |
# and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. |
| 973 |
# Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: |
| 974 |
# 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". |
| 975 |
# "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to |
| 976 |
# appear in reports of events with international implications. |
| 977 |
# |
| 978 |
# From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in |
| 979 |
# Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although |
| 980 |
# some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in |
| 981 |
# the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it |
| 982 |
# seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all |
| 983 |
# the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, |
| 984 |
# it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current |
| 985 |
# version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and |
| 986 |
# "AEDT" for Australian time zones. |
| 987 |
|
| 988 |
# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): |
| 989 |
# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. |
| 990 |
# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper |
| 991 |
# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, |
| 992 |
# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 |
| 993 |
# and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. |
| 994 |
# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. |
| 995 |
|
| 996 |
# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): |
| 997 |
# |
| 998 |
# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, |
| 999 |
# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more |
| 1000 |
# relevant entries in this database. |
| 1001 |
# |
| 1002 |
# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): |
| 1003 |
# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) |
| 1004 |
# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html |
| 1005 |
# ACT |
| 1006 |
# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 |
| 1007 |
# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html |
| 1008 |
# SA |
| 1009 |
# Standard Time Act, 1898 |
| 1010 |
# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html |
| 1011 |
|
| 1012 |
# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): |
| 1013 |
# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by |
| 1014 |
# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. |
| 1015 |
# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday |
| 1016 |
# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. |
| 1017 |
# |
| 1018 |
# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): |
| 1019 |
# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan |
| 1020 |
# to extend DST together in 2006. |
| 1021 |
# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt |
| 1022 |
# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html |
| 1023 |
# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html |
| 1024 |
# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 |
| 1025 |
# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles |
| 1026 |
# allude to it. |
| 1027 |
# But not Queensland |
| 1028 |
# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html |
| 1029 |
|
| 1030 |
# Northern Territory |
| 1031 |
|
| 1032 |
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
| 1033 |
# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] |
| 1034 |
# # [ Nov 1990 ] |
| 1035 |
# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. |
| 1036 |
# ... |
| 1037 |
# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST |
| 1038 |
|
| 1039 |
# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): |
| 1040 |
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... |
| 1041 |
# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. |
| 1042 |
|
| 1043 |
# Western Australia |
| 1044 |
|
| 1045 |
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
| 1046 |
# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] |
| 1047 |
# # [ Nov 1990 ] |
| 1048 |
# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to |
| 1049 |
# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but |
| 1050 |
# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus |
| 1051 |
# # before reaching parliament. |
| 1052 |
# ... |
| 1053 |
# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST |
| 1054 |
# ... |
| 1055 |
# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
| 1056 |
# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W |
| 1057 |
# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
| 1058 |
# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W |
| 1059 |
|
| 1060 |
# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): |
| 1061 |
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... |
| 1062 |
# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. |
| 1063 |
|
| 1064 |
# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): |
| 1065 |
# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney |
| 1066 |
# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at |
| 1067 |
# work at 9.00am.) |
| 1068 |
# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse |
| 1069 |
# everybody again. |
| 1070 |
|
| 1071 |
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): |
| 1072 |
# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; |
| 1073 |
# it matches what was used in the past. |
| 1074 |
|
| 1075 |
# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ |
| 1076 |
# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm |
| 1077 |
# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses |
| 1078 |
# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. |
| 1079 |
|
| 1080 |
# From Paul Eggert (2018-04-01): |
| 1081 |
# The Guardian Express of Perth, Australia reported today that the |
| 1082 |
# government decided to advance the clocks permanently on January 1, |
| 1083 |
# 2019, from UT +08 to UT +09. The article noted that an exemption |
| 1084 |
# would be made for people aged 61 and over, who "can apply in writing |
| 1085 |
# to have the extra hour of sunshine removed from their area." See: |
| 1086 |
# Daylight saving coming to WA in 2019. Guardian Express. 2018-04-01. |
| 1087 |
# https://www.communitynews.com.au/guardian-express/news/exclusive-daylight-savings-coming-wa-summer-2018/ |
| 1088 |
|
| 1089 |
# Queensland |
| 1090 |
|
| 1091 |
# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-26): |
| 1092 |
# I lack access to the following source for Queensland DST: |
| 1093 |
# Pearce C. History of daylight saving time in Queensland. |
| 1094 |
# Queensland Hist J. 2017 Aug;23(6):389-403 |
| 1095 |
# https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=994682348436426;res=IELHSS |
| 1096 |
|
| 1097 |
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
| 1098 |
# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] |
| 1099 |
# # [ Dec 1990 ] |
| 1100 |
# ... |
| 1101 |
# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST |
| 1102 |
# ... |
| 1103 |
# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
| 1104 |
# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E |
| 1105 |
# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
| 1106 |
# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E |
| 1107 |
|
| 1108 |
# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): |
| 1109 |
# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from |
| 1110 |
# October 1989). |
| 1111 |
|
| 1112 |
# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): |
| 1113 |
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... |
| 1114 |
# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving |
| 1115 |
# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... |
| 1116 |
|
| 1117 |
# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): |
| 1118 |
# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact |
| 1119 |
# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised |
| 1120 |
# me.) |
| 1121 |
|
| 1122 |
# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): |
| 1123 |
# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted |
| 1124 |
# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... |
| 1125 |
# ... |
| 1126 |
# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
| 1127 |
# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S |
| 1128 |
# ... |
| 1129 |
|
| 1130 |
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): |
| 1131 |
# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. |
| 1132 |
|
| 1133 |
# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning |
| 1134 |
# from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01): |
| 1135 |
# WA are trialing DST for three years. |
| 1136 |
# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf |
| 1137 |
|
| 1138 |
# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): |
| 1139 |
# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the |
| 1140 |
# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western |
| 1141 |
# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The |
| 1142 |
# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so |
| 1143 |
# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the |
| 1144 |
# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South |
| 1145 |
# Australia and Western Australia.... |
| 1146 |
# |
| 1147 |
# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): |
| 1148 |
# This is confirmed by the section entitled |
| 1149 |
# "What's the deal with time zones???" in |
| 1150 |
# http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html |
| 1151 |
# |
| 1152 |
# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): |
| 1153 |
# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, |
| 1154 |
# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern |
| 1155 |
# coast of the continent. |
| 1156 |
# |
| 1157 |
# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no |
| 1158 |
# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border |
| 1159 |
# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west |
| 1160 |
# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is |
| 1161 |
# the largest population centre in this zone.... |
| 1162 |
# |
| 1163 |
# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the |
| 1164 |
# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I |
| 1165 |
# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, |
| 1166 |
# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. |
| 1167 |
# |
| 1168 |
# (2006-12-09): |
| 1169 |
# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving |
| 1170 |
# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis |
| 1171 |
# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well |
| 1172 |
# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. |
| 1173 |
|
| 1174 |
# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): |
| 1175 |
# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the |
| 1176 |
# introduction of standard time in 1895. |
| 1177 |
|
| 1178 |
|
| 1179 |
# southeast Australia |
| 1180 |
# |
| 1181 |
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): |
| 1182 |
# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT |
| 1183 |
# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. |
| 1184 |
# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html |
| 1185 |
|
| 1186 |
|
| 1187 |
# South Australia |
| 1188 |
|
| 1189 |
# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): |
| 1190 |
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... |
| 1191 |
# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving |
| 1192 |
# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... |
| 1193 |
|
| 1194 |
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
| 1195 |
# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] |
| 1196 |
# # [ Nov 1990 ] |
| 1197 |
# ... |
| 1198 |
# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST |
| 1199 |
# ... |
| 1200 |
# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
| 1201 |
# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C |
| 1202 |
# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C |
| 1203 |
# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C |
| 1204 |
|
| 1205 |
# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): |
| 1206 |
# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide |
| 1207 |
# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, |
| 1208 |
# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." |
| 1209 |
|
| 1210 |
# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): |
| 1211 |
# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) |
| 1212 |
# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even |
| 1213 |
# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival |
| 1214 |
# is on... |
| 1215 |
|
| 1216 |
# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): |
| 1217 |
# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... |
| 1218 |
# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... |
| 1219 |
# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). |
| 1220 |
|
| 1221 |
# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): |
| 1222 |
# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, |
| 1223 |
# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can |
| 1224 |
# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... |
| 1225 |
|
| 1226 |
# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): |
| 1227 |
# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... |
| 1228 |
# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... |
| 1229 |
# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. |
| 1230 |
|
| 1231 |
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): |
| 1232 |
# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. |
| 1233 |
|
| 1234 |
# Tasmania |
| 1235 |
|
| 1236 |
# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd |
| 1237 |
# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
| 1238 |
# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] |
| 1239 |
# # [ Nov 1990 ] |
| 1240 |
|
| 1241 |
# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): |
| 1242 |
# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have |
| 1243 |
# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia |
| 1244 |
# (but nothing new about that). |
| 1245 |
|
| 1246 |
# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): |
| 1247 |
# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the |
| 1248 |
# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, |
| 1249 |
# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria |
| 1250 |
# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 |
| 1251 |
# instead of the first Sunday in October. |
| 1252 |
|
| 1253 |
# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: |
| 1254 |
# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 |
| 1255 |
|
| 1256 |
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): |
| 1257 |
# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. |
| 1258 |
|
| 1259 |
# Victoria |
| 1260 |
|
| 1261 |
# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd |
| 1262 |
# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
| 1263 |
# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] |
| 1264 |
# # [ Nov 1990 ] |
| 1265 |
|
| 1266 |
# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): |
| 1267 |
# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an |
| 1268 |
# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was |
| 1269 |
# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar |
| 1270 |
# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located |
| 1271 |
# in Melbourne, Australia. |
| 1272 |
# |
| 1273 |
# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which |
| 1274 |
# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day |
| 1275 |
# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's |
| 1276 |
# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, |
| 1277 |
# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the |
| 1278 |
# expected time. |
| 1279 |
# |
| 1280 |
# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had |
| 1281 |
# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of |
| 1282 |
# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps |
| 1283 |
# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. |
| 1284 |
# |
| 1285 |
# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html |
| 1286 |
# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au |
| 1287 |
|
| 1288 |
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): |
| 1289 |
# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. |
| 1290 |
|
| 1291 |
# New South Wales |
| 1292 |
|
| 1293 |
# From Arthur David Olson: |
| 1294 |
# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. |
| 1295 |
# Based on law library research by John Mackin, |
| 1296 |
# who notes: |
| 1297 |
# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the |
| 1298 |
# individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" |
| 1299 |
# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common |
| 1300 |
# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the |
| 1301 |
# legislation. This is very important to understand. |
| 1302 |
# I have researched New South Wales time only... |
| 1303 |
|
| 1304 |
# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): |
| 1305 |
# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual |
| 1306 |
# October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, |
| 1307 |
# Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). |
| 1308 |
# http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html |
| 1309 |
|
| 1310 |
# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): |
| 1311 |
# See the following official NSW source: |
| 1312 |
# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. |
| 1313 |
# http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ |
| 1314 |
# |
| 1315 |
# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of |
| 1316 |
# daylight saving next year. See: |
| 1317 |
# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving |
| 1318 |
# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm |
| 1319 |
# (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. |
| 1320 |
# |
| 1321 |
# Victoria will follow NSW. See: |
| 1322 |
# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) |
| 1323 |
# http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm |
| 1324 |
# |
| 1325 |
# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: |
| 1326 |
# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) |
| 1327 |
# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm |
| 1328 |
# |
| 1329 |
# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: |
| 1330 |
# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics |
| 1331 |
# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm |
| 1332 |
# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying |
| 1333 |
# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time |
| 1334 |
# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very |
| 1335 |
# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of |
| 1336 |
# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. |
| 1337 |
# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." |
| 1338 |
# |
| 1339 |
# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: |
| 1340 |
# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) |
| 1341 |
# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm |
| 1342 |
|
| 1343 |
# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian |
| 1344 |
# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken |
| 1345 |
# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. |
| 1346 |
|
| 1347 |
# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: |
| 1348 |
# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW |
| 1349 |
# towns to use Queensland time. |
| 1350 |
|
| 1351 |
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): |
| 1352 |
# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. |
| 1353 |
|
| 1354 |
# Yancowinna |
| 1355 |
|
| 1356 |
# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): |
| 1357 |
# 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. |
| 1358 |
|
| 1359 |
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
| 1360 |
# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] |
| 1361 |
# # [ Dec 1990 ] |
| 1362 |
# ... |
| 1363 |
# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the |
| 1364 |
# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings |
| 1365 |
# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government |
| 1366 |
# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have |
| 1367 |
# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not |
| 1368 |
# # presently available. |
| 1369 |
# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST |
| 1370 |
# ... |
| 1371 |
# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
| 1372 |
# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C |
| 1373 |
# [followed by other Rules] |
| 1374 |
|
| 1375 |
# Lord Howe Island |
| 1376 |
|
| 1377 |
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
| 1378 |
# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] |
| 1379 |
# [ Dec 1990 ] |
| 1380 |
# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an |
| 1381 |
# hour ahead of NSW time. |
| 1382 |
|
| 1383 |
# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): |
| 1384 |
# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same |
| 1385 |
# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the |
| 1386 |
# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is |
| 1387 |
# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time |
| 1388 |
# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour |
| 1389 |
# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents |
| 1390 |
# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing |
| 1391 |
# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will |
| 1392 |
# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. |
| 1393 |
|
| 1394 |
# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): |
| 1395 |
# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards |
| 1396 |
# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently |
| 1397 |
# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as |
| 1398 |
# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start |
| 1399 |
# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. |
| 1400 |
|
| 1401 |
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
| 1402 |
# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and |
| 1403 |
# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. |
| 1404 |
|
| 1405 |
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): |
| 1406 |
# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. |
| 1407 |
|
| 1408 |
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): |
| 1409 |
# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight |
| 1410 |
# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 |
| 1411 |
# summer (southern hemisphere). |
| 1412 |
# |
| 1413 |
# From |
| 1414 |
# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf |
| 1415 |
# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling |
| 1416 |
# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. |
| 1417 |
# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each |
| 1418 |
# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. |
| 1419 |
# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia |
| 1420 |
# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and |
| 1421 |
# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... |
| 1422 |
# |
| 1423 |
# We have a wrap-up here: |
| 1424 |
# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html |
| 1425 |
############################################################################### |
| 1426 |
|
| 1427 |
# New Zealand |
| 1428 |
|
| 1429 |
# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): |
| 1430 |
# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. |
| 1431 |
# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for |
| 1432 |
# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). |
| 1433 |
# source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. |
| 1434 |
|
| 1435 |
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
| 1436 |
# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! |
| 1437 |
# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. |
| 1438 |
# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] |
| 1439 |
# # [ Nov 1990 ] |
| 1440 |
# ... |
| 1441 |
# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
| 1442 |
# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D |
| 1443 |
# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S |
| 1444 |
# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S |
| 1445 |
# ... |
| 1446 |
# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand |
| 1447 |
# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island |
| 1448 |
|
| 1449 |
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): |
| 1450 |
# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 |
| 1451 |
# rather than the October 1 value. |
| 1452 |
|
| 1453 |
# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); |
| 1454 |
# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. |
| 1455 |
# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight |
| 1456 |
# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard |
| 1457 |
# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. |
| 1458 |
# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. |
| 1459 |
# |
| 1460 |
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
| 1461 |
# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, |
| 1462 |
# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.html for the full references. |
| 1463 |
# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. |
| 1464 |
# |
| 1465 |
# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with |
| 1466 |
# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham |
| 1467 |
# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. |
| 1468 |
|
| 1469 |
# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): |
| 1470 |
# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the |
| 1471 |
# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning |
| 1472 |
# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. |
| 1473 |
# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended |
| 1474 |
|
| 1475 |
# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): |
| 1476 |
# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by |
| 1477 |
# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). |
| 1478 |
# https://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf |
| 1479 |
# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand |
| 1480 |
# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard |
| 1481 |
# time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New |
| 1482 |
# Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." |
| 1483 |
# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time |
| 1484 |
# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match |
| 1485 |
# LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did |
| 1486 |
# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. |
| 1487 |
|
| 1488 |
############################################################################### |
| 1489 |
|
| 1490 |
|
| 1491 |
# Fiji |
| 1492 |
|
| 1493 |
# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji |
| 1494 |
# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time |
| 1495 |
# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). |
| 1496 |
|
| 1497 |
# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): |
| 1498 |
# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 |
| 1499 |
# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will |
| 1500 |
# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. |
| 1501 |
|
| 1502 |
# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): |
| 1503 |
# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. |
| 1504 |
|
| 1505 |
# From the BBC World Service in |
| 1506 |
# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): |
| 1507 |
# The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to |
| 1508 |
# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also |
| 1509 |
# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning |
| 1510 |
# of the new millennium. |
| 1511 |
|
| 1512 |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) |
| 1513 |
# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. |
| 1514 |
|
| 1515 |
|
| 1516 |
# Kiribati |
| 1517 |
|
| 1518 |
# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): |
| 1519 |
# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati |
| 1520 |
# "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" |
| 1521 |
# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. |
| 1522 |
|
| 1523 |
# From Kerry Shetline (2018-02-03): |
| 1524 |
# December 31 was the day that was skipped, so that the transition |
| 1525 |
# would be from Friday December 30, 1994 to Sunday January 1, 1995. |
| 1526 |
# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-04): |
| 1527 |
# One source for this is page 202 of: Bartky IR. One Time Fits All: |
| 1528 |
# The Campaigns for Global Uniformity (2007). |
| 1529 |
|
| 1530 |
# Kwajalein |
| 1531 |
|
| 1532 |
# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: |
| 1533 |
# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, |
| 1534 |
# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with |
| 1535 |
# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, |
| 1536 |
# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. |
| 1537 |
|
| 1538 |
|
| 1539 |
# N Mariana Is, Guam |
| 1540 |
|
| 1541 |
# Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the |
| 1542 |
# Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones |
| 1543 |
# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. |
| 1544 |
# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; |
| 1545 |
# see Asia/Manila. |
| 1546 |
|
| 1547 |
# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time, |
| 1548 |
# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, |
| 1549 |
# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, |
| 1550 |
# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". |
| 1551 |
|
| 1552 |
|
| 1553 |
# Micronesia |
| 1554 |
|
| 1555 |
# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), |
| 1556 |
# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' |
| 1557 |
# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." |
| 1558 |
# |
| 1559 |
# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11 |
| 1560 |
# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. |
| 1561 |
|
| 1562 |
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): |
| 1563 |
# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in |
| 1564 |
# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) |
| 1565 |
# http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html |
| 1566 |
# that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11. |
| 1567 |
# We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now. |
| 1568 |
|
| 1569 |
|
| 1570 |
# Midway |
| 1571 |
|
| 1572 |
# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), |
| 1573 |
# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection |
| 1574 |
# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): |
| 1575 |
# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight |
| 1576 |
# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, |
| 1577 |
# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 |
| 1578 |
# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to |
| 1579 |
# air at 6am your time. |
| 1580 |
# |
| 1581 |
# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): |
| 1582 |
# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they |
| 1583 |
# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years |
| 1584 |
# in Midway, but we have no record of it. |
| 1585 |
|
| 1586 |
# Norfolk |
| 1587 |
|
| 1588 |
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23): |
| 1589 |
# Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100: |
| 1590 |
# https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text |
| 1591 |
# ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015. |
| 1592 |
# http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf |
| 1593 |
|
| 1594 |
# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23): |
| 1595 |
# Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted |
| 1596 |
# the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's |
| 1597 |
# Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST |
| 1598 |
# other than in 1974/5. See: |
| 1599 |
# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html |
| 1600 |
|
| 1601 |
# Pitcairn |
| 1602 |
|
| 1603 |
# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): |
| 1604 |
# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 |
| 1605 |
# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. |
| 1606 |
# |
| 1607 |
# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be |
| 1608 |
# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known |
| 1609 |
# as Pitcairn Standard Time. |
| 1610 |
# |
| 1611 |
# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several |
| 1612 |
# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation |
| 1613 |
# somehow in light of this proclamation. |
| 1614 |
|
| 1615 |
# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): |
| 1616 |
# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 |
| 1617 |
# ... at midnight. |
| 1618 |
|
| 1619 |
# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: |
| 1620 |
# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as |
| 1621 |
# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be ½ hour different from us here in |
| 1622 |
# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. |
| 1623 |
|
| 1624 |
|
| 1625 |
# (Western) Samoa and American Samoa |
| 1626 |
|
| 1627 |
# Howse writes (p 153) that after the 1879 standardization on Antipodean |
| 1628 |
# time by the British governor of Fiji, the King of Samoa decided to change |
| 1629 |
# "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, |
| 1630 |
# ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that |
| 1631 |
# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." |
| 1632 |
# This happened in 1892, according to the Evening News (Sydney) of 1892-07-20. |
| 1633 |
# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl.htm |
| 1634 |
|
| 1635 |
# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30 |
| 1636 |
# in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11 |
| 1637 |
# for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards |
| 1638 |
# circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. |
| 1639 |
# Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950, |
| 1640 |
# and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a |
| 1641 |
# day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New |
| 1642 |
# Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. |
| 1643 |
|
| 1644 |
|
| 1645 |
# Tonga |
| 1646 |
|
| 1647 |
# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): |
| 1648 |
# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting |
| 1649 |
# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." |
| 1650 |
# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. |
| 1651 |
|
| 1652 |
# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle |
| 1653 |
# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': |
| 1654 |
# http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm |
| 1655 |
# |
| 1656 |
# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST |
| 1657 |
# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its |
| 1658 |
# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its |
| 1659 |
# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of |
| 1660 |
# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13° |
| 1661 |
# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). |
| 1662 |
# |
| 1663 |
# Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince |
| 1664 |
# Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time |
| 1665 |
# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. |
| 1666 |
# |
| 1667 |
# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer |
| 1668 |
# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 |
| 1669 |
# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 |
| 1670 |
# minutes we have lost?" |
| 1671 |
# |
| 1672 |
# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that |
| 1673 |
# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth |
| 1674 |
# to say your prayers in the morning." |
| 1675 |
|
| 1676 |
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
| 1677 |
# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. |
| 1678 |
|
| 1679 |
# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): |
| 1680 |
# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium |
| 1681 |
# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. |
| 1682 |
# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from |
| 1683 |
# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan |
| 1684 |
# Government. |
| 1685 |
|
| 1686 |
# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): |
| 1687 |
# * Tonga will introduce DST in November |
| 1688 |
# |
| 1689 |
# I was given this link by John Letts: |
| 1690 |
# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm |
| 1691 |
# |
| 1692 |
# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November |
| 1693 |
# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead |
| 1694 |
# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead |
| 1695 |
# (12 + 1 hour DST). |
| 1696 |
|
| 1697 |
# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): |
| 1698 |
# According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: |
| 1699 |
# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 |
| 1700 |
# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the |
| 1701 |
# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on |
| 1702 |
# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and |
| 1703 |
# set back an hour on the closing date." |
| 1704 |
# Alas, no indication of the time of day. |
| 1705 |
|
| 1706 |
# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): |
| 1707 |
# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. |
| 1708 |
# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. |
| 1709 |
|
| 1710 |
# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): |
| 1711 |
# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com |
| 1712 |
# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 |
| 1713 |
# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article |
| 1714 |
# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the |
| 1715 |
# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. |
| 1716 |
# (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) |
| 1717 |
|
| 1718 |
# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): |
| 1719 |
# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. |
| 1720 |
|
| 1721 |
# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: |
| 1722 |
# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom |
| 1723 |
# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday |
| 1724 |
# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one |
| 1725 |
# hour to 1:00am. |
| 1726 |
|
| 1727 |
# From Pulu ʻAnau (2002-11-05): |
| 1728 |
# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. |
| 1729 |
|
| 1730 |
# From Pulu ʻAnau (2016-10-27): |
| 1731 |
# http://mic.gov.to/news-today/press-releases/6375-daylight-saving-set-to-run-from-6-november-2016-to-15-january-2017 |
| 1732 |
# Cannot find anyone who knows the rules, has seen the duration or has seen |
| 1733 |
# the cabinet decision, but it appears we are following Fiji's rule set. |
| 1734 |
# |
| 1735 |
# From Tim Parenti (2016-10-26): |
| 1736 |
# Assume Tonga will observe DST from the first Sunday in November at 02:00 |
| 1737 |
# through the third Sunday in January at 03:00, like Fiji, for now. |
| 1738 |
|
| 1739 |
# From David Wade (2017-10-18): |
| 1740 |
# In August government was disolved by the King. The current prime minister |
| 1741 |
# continued in office in care taker mode. It is easy to see that few |
| 1742 |
# decisions will be made until elections 16th November. |
| 1743 |
# |
| 1744 |
# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): |
| 1745 |
# For now, guess that DST is discontinued. That's what the IATA is guessing. |
| 1746 |
|
| 1747 |
|
| 1748 |
# Wake |
| 1749 |
|
| 1750 |
# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, |
| 1751 |
# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): |
| 1752 |
# |
| 1753 |
# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the |
| 1754 |
# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the |
| 1755 |
# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we |
| 1756 |
# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time |
| 1757 |
# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost |
| 1758 |
# impossible. |
| 1759 |
# |
| 1760 |
# https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm |
| 1761 |
|
| 1762 |
# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): |
| 1763 |
# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. |
| 1764 |
|
| 1765 |
############################################################################### |
| 1766 |
|
| 1767 |
# The International Date Line |
| 1768 |
|
| 1769 |
# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): |
| 1770 |
# |
| 1771 |
# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, |
| 1772 |
# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. |
| 1773 |
# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on |
| 1774 |
# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. |
| 1775 |
# |
| 1776 |
# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and |
| 1777 |
# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL |
| 1778 |
# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most |
| 1779 |
# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line |
| 1780 |
# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific |
| 1781 |
# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international |
| 1782 |
# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is |
| 1783 |
# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some |
| 1784 |
# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not |
| 1785 |
# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the |
| 1786 |
# correct date is ambiguous. |
| 1787 |
|
| 1788 |
# From Wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): |
| 1789 |
# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting |
| 1790 |
# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's |
| 1791 |
# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's |
| 1792 |
# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the |
| 1793 |
# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all |
| 1794 |
# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones |
| 1795 |
# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any |
| 1796 |
# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted |
| 1797 |
# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's |
| 1798 |
# entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were |
| 1799 |
# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many |
| 1800 |
# independent merchant ships until World War II. |
| 1801 |
|
| 1802 |
# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen |
| 1803 |
# (2005-03-20): |
| 1804 |
# |
| 1805 |
# The American Practical Navigator (2002) |
| 1806 |
# http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 |
| 1807 |
# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in |
| 1808 |
# international waters; it ignores the international date line. |
